The small boxes that typically sit on the walkway on the engineer side of standard cab EMD units, and the conductor's side of standard cab GE units provide an enclosure for electronics that provide the cab signal capabilities for Conrail locomotives. These cab signals were required on a number of lines, including the Pittsburgh Line and Northeast Corridor.
From an NS Employee who measured the boxes: they are 31 inches long, 16 1/2 inches deep and 12 1/4 inches wide.